French Revolution of 1789 - Timeline

French Revolution of 1789 - Timeline Our narrative history for this period begins here. 1789 January January 24: The Estates General is officially summoned; election details go out. Crucially, no one is really sure how it should be formed, leading to an argument over voting powers. January - May: The Third Estate politicises as cahiers are drawn up, political clubs form and discussion takes place both verbally and through pamphleteering. The middle class believe they have a voice and intend to use it. February February: Sieyes publishes What is the Third Estate? February - June: Elections to the Estates General. May May 5: The Estates General opens. There is still no decision on voting rights, and the third estate believe they should have more of a say. May 6: The Third Estate refuses to meet or verify their election as a separate chamber. June June 10: The Third Estate, now frequently called the Commons, gives an ultimatum to the other estates: join in a common verification or the Commons would go on alone. June 13: A few members of the First Estate (priests and clergy) join the Third. June 17: The National Assembly is proclaimed by the former Third Estate. June 20: The Tennis Court Oath taken; with the National Assemblys meeting place closed in preparation for a Royal Session, the deputies meet at a tennis court and swear not to disband until a constitution is established. June 23: The Royal Session opens; the King initially tells the estates to meet separately and introduces reforms; the deputies of the National Assembly ignore him. June 25: Members of the Second Estate begin to join the National Assembly. June 27: The king gives in and orders the three estates to unite as one; troops are called to the Paris area. Suddenly, there has been a constitutional revolution in France. Things would not stop here. July July 11: Necker is dismissed. July 12: Revolt begins in Paris, caused in part by Neckers dismissal and the fear of royal troops. July 14: The storming of the Bastille. Now the people of Paris, or the mob if you prefer, will start to direct the revolution and violence will result. July 15: Unable to rely on his army, the King gives in and orders troops to leave the Paris area. Louis does not want a civil war, when that might be all that would save his old powers. July 16: Necker is recalled. July - August: The Great Fear; mass panic across France as people fear a noble led backlash against their anti-feudal demonstrations. August August 4: Feudalism and privileges are abolished by the National Assembly in perhaps the most remarkable evening in Europes modern history. August 26: Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen published. September September 11: The King is granted a suspensive veto. October October 5-6: Journee of 5-6 October: the King and the National Assembly move to Paris at the behest of a Parisian mob. November November 2: Church property is nationalised. December December 12: Assignats are created. 1790 February February 13: Monastic vows banned. February 26: France divided into 83 departments. April April 17: Assignats accepted as currency. May May 21: Paris is divided into sections. June June 19: Nobility is abolished. July July 12: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy, a complete restructuring of the church in France. July 14: Feast of the Federation, a celebration to mark one year since the fall of the Bastille. August August 16: Parlements are abolished and the judiciary reorganised. September September 4: Necker resigns. November November 27: The Oath of the Clergy passed; all ecclesiastical office holders must swear an oath to the constitution. 1791 January January 4: Last date for clergy to have sworn the oath; over half refuse. April April 2: Mirabeau dies. April 13: The Pope condemns the Civil Constitution. April 18: The King is prevented from leaving Paris to spend Easter at Saint-Cloud. May May: Avignon is occupied by French forces. May 16: Self-Denying Decree: National Assembly deputies cannot be elected to the Legislative Assembly. June June 14: Le Chapelier Law stopping workers associations and strikes. June 20: Flight to Varennes; the King and Queen attempt to flee France but only get as far as Varennes. June 24: Cordelier organises a petition stating that liberty and royalty cannot co-exist. July 16: The Constituent Assembly declares that the king was the victim of an abduction plot. July 17: Massacre at the Champs de Mars, when National Guard open fire on republican demonstrators. August August 14: Slave rebellion begins in Saint-Domingue. August 27: Declaration of Pillnitz: Austria and Prussia threaten to take action in support of the French king. September September 13: The King accepts the new constitution. September 14: King swears the oath of allegiance to the new constitution. September 30: The National Assembly is dissolved. October October 1: The Legislative Assembly convenes. October 20: Brissots first calls for war against the à ©migrà ©s. November November 9: Decree against the à ©migrà ©s; if they do not return they will be considered traitors. November 12: The King vetoes the à ©migrà ©s decree. November 29: Decree against refractory priests; they will be considered suspects unless they take a civic oath. December December 14: Louis XVI requests the Elector of Trier disperse à ©migrà ©s or face military action. December 19: The King vetoes the decree against refractory priests. Back to Index Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

What is 'new' about the 'New Woman' Discuss the challenges posed by Essay

What is 'new' about the 'New Woman' Discuss the challenges posed by the emergenceof this figure in late Victorian literature - Essay Example of new genres of women’s fiction – women’s ‘sensation’ novel of the 1860s and the ‘new woman’ novel of the 1890s – as well as the emergence of a ‘new’ kind of woman in literature and society, challenging the Victorian social ideals and perceptions of femininity. [Pykett, 1992] While the sensation heroines, as Mary Elizabeth Braddon’s Isabel Sleaford in ‘The Doctor’s Wife’ and Aurora in ‘Aurora Floyd’ present shades of a new kind of woman – â€Å"a woman who cannot easily be accommodated either to the category of normal, proper femininity, nor to that of deviant, improper femininity,† [Pykett, 1992; p. 19] the ‘new woman’ heroines of the 1880s and 1890s, as Lyndall in Olive Schreiner’s autobiographical novel ‘The Story of an African Farm’, presents more powerful, fiercely independent and more â€Å"seriously feminist† representation of women. Though Lyndall is more often referred to as the â€Å"best example† of the â€Å"new woman’ in English novel, [Monsman, 1985; p. 262] Braddon’s Isabel and Aurora Floyd are more subtler representations of an evolving, new femininity, at odds with the Victorian perceptions of femininity. It may be fascinat ing to analyse the development of this new femininity and representations of ‘new woman’ in literature, as women writers of the late -Victorian era defined and redefined femininity. As one attempts to understand the ‘new’-ness of the ‘new woman’ and the challenges posed by these representations in literature, it may be worthwhile to examine how the ‘new woman’ is described, as well as analyse the construct of this figure in literature in relation to the perceptions of femininity in their days. Smith Rosenberg explains that the New Woman was primarily a representation-- ‘a condensed symbol of disorder and rebellion,’ [In Pykett, 1992; p.137-38] actively produced and reproduced in the print media and in novels. From a more realistic perception the New Woman is

Explore how sexuality has changed over the past 100 years Essay

Explore how sexuality has changed over the past 100 years - Essay Example Explore how sexuality has changed over the past 100 years Sexuality and the ways in which sex creates both pleasure and results in procreation has been revolutionized in the last one hundred years. In the early 20th century the concept of reproduction was being examined through the ideas of eugenics. This area of research was somewhat based on the developments by Charles Darwin about the idea of selection as a method for putting the best traits together in order to support increases in the ‘quality’ of human beings being born. The problem that emerged with the concept of eugenics is that anyone that was considered undesirable was also then deemed unfit to procreate. This included the different races, prostitutes, those with developmental difficulties, and even the Romani who were considered to be innately born as thieves and miscreants (Sinclair, 2007). Along with the concept of eugenics began a movement within the women’s rights movements that were emerging at the time which suggested that women should have the right to choose desirably traited men in order to procreate with them. The emergence of a call for equality began to suggest that the power to create life should accompany the ability to make choices concerning desirable mates. Where patriarchal frameworks of gender control had held onto the power to determine procreation up to this time, the beginning and progression of the women’s movement changed not only gender relations but began to change the nature of sexuality and procreation dynamics. In the 1960s as the women’s movement raged forward, creating a deep shift in the gender dynamics and prescribed roles, William Masters and Virginia Johnson were doing some of the most daring and controversial research on the subject of sexuality. Through direct observation of sexual partners they began to study how the physicality of sexual experience occurred. During these 10,000 observations of sexual experiences through volunteers from the academic community, they watched for the sign s of arousal and continued to record observations about how bodies functioned during sexual arousal and release through a variety of different sexual situations. This significantly impacted the way in which sexuality was viewed through the development of anecdotal research as well as measurements from different devices (Crooks & Baur, 2011). 2. Explore how technology has and is changing the world of conception, pregnancy, and parenthood. The science of having babies has dramatically changed the concept of procreation as human beings have been able to take some control over conception. Although there is still a great deal of mystery involved in how and when conception occurs, science has been able to replicate much of what it takes to get pregnant so that women who would have remained barren have the opportunity to have children. In addition, the ability to use surrogates and to influence the hormonal production has provided for further opportunities for women to have children, even when they might not be the one to carry the child. Science has also changed the control that a woman has over when she gets pregnant. Through understanding how children are conceived, science has been able to influence the female body so that some control over child-bearing can be achieved. Contraception has a number of different methods through which women can protect themselves from unwanted pregnancy

A Bear Workshop Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A Bear Workshop - Essay Example The management structure has knowledgeable and dedicated staff that provide ample knowledge exchanges in an interactive environment with customers. This is a fundamental strength of a business to be able to provide better customer relationship management and provide them with exactly what customers are looking for. Clearly, the owner understands the importance of cost monitoring when it comes to purchasing and production and will likely continue these trends over the next five to ten years. Having a strategic-focused management system is the key to ensuring a proper expansion. If the business conducts regular market research using focus groups or interviews with target customers, it will likely find more success in identifying social and buying trends early in order to gain market share in the toy market. Further, growth in Internet usage in developing countries such as India, China and Pakistan will provide even more customers in an environment that is convenient. Through agreements with different distribution agencies, Build A Bear will probably be able to find low-cost distribution to ensure that many international customers are able to buy the products and have them delivered in a timely fashion. If the business remains focused on product rather than pricing, higher resource (financial) consumers will likely recognize the brand and have a loyalty that can be built up over the next five years.

Old Man, Old man Essay Example for Free

Old Man, Old man Essay How do the two poets of the poems Old Man, Old man and Warning present different ways of facing the crossroads of old age? Throughout our lives we encounter many crossroads of life. These could be starting school, getting a new job, moving house or getting married but one of the main crossroads in life is old age. For some people old age is a good crossroads in life where they can make a fresh start and do things they have missed out on in their younger years. For others old age is not something to look forward to as we change mentally and physically, often for the worst and things begin to make less sense to us. Old man, Old man is an example of the disadvantages of becoming older and shows the way we handle becoming less in control of our lives and changing mentally and physically. Warning on the other hand is an example of the advantages of old age and how we often use old age to do things we wouldnt normally be able to get away with or to catch up on things we have missed out on, even just as a long holiday. In Old man, Old man the poem focuses on reality for the old man in a way in which he has very little if any control over his life and he appears to be stuck in his own little world which is no longer mobile. It seems a narrator who appears to have known the old man when he was younger and now is looking at him in old age writes the poem itself. Warning on the other hand is a fantasy of the freedom old age gives from the point of view of a younger woman. Looking at the title of Old man, Old man it shows that he is no longer seen as an individual but just an old man and by calling him old man it is in some ways referring to not just him but also many other old men in the same situation as him. The repetition of the word Old man indicates him having to be told things twice in his old age and is said in quite a regretful tone. In comparison the title Warning is quite up beat and although warning suggests danger in this case it is not for her but for other people and her family. It is different to Old man, Old man in the way that it is a young womans idea of old age and Old man, Old man is reality. The language of old man old man shows the reality of how he has lost the control he used to have over his life physically and mentally. He used to be the man of the house a man who did-it-himself and was very independent but now he needs help even with small things like opening bottle tops indicating arthritic hands. The poet also makes it seem as if he finds it hard to understand the world he is in now when he says shambles amongst clues. The word shambles indicates a physical loss and in some ways shows a loss of mental capacity, the word clues shows he needs clues to help him remember. In contrast Warning is a fantasy and is therefore defined by positive language as she is looking forward. The way she uses the colours red and purple with quite recklessness means that unlike the old man she wont be overlooked. When is used a lot making it seem like it will defiantly happen making it seem more positive as she will be able to enjoy the experience. Old man, old man focuses on the reality of the debilitating factors of old age where as Joseph bases Warning more on the physical pleasures of old age. The poem Warning is written in a reckless way indicating the retreat back into childhood, all the unsuitable clothes, thoughts and behaviour are emphasised in a child like list each prefixed by an and. Both of the poems Warning and Old man, Old man give us insights into the two characters in their prime. Old man, Old man shows us how he used to be the boss and wasnt a man to express his feelings. He used to be able to live his life with physical power and his DIY hobbies but now he is unable to do this once lord of shed, garage and garden, the pause here indicates this has now stopped. Not good with daughters showing us he found it hard to look after his daughters just like an ordinary average man. From this we can see that he is used to being in control both physically and mentally but now he isnt he is finding it hard to get along. Run on lines have been used throughout to show the tedious amount of time in which he began to deteriorate and for things to change. In stanza two a run on line is used to show that he new his eyesight would deteriorate but this shows the time it took. In Warning her prime life is her current life as she is looking forward to the prospects of old age. Stanza three sums up the way she has to live now being sensible, polite and smart, she uses a weary tone to show how society refrains us. The way society has been so strict with the way she has had to behave has led to her wanting to rebel. The pauses after children. and papers. are there to reflect on her life now. The way she describes how we can act when were old in the third stanza makes it seem that she is at the moment frustrated, worried with weight and has had such a sensible upbringing that she is waiting to make up for it. Throughout she uses childish words such as gobble and the things she describes are childish which shows how she has missed out and needs to catch up due to such a sensible up bringing. In comparison to Old man, Old man, warning gives a very positive approach to old age and she seems to think she will just wake up old suddenly one morning. Old man, Old man however gives a very negative view on old age and makes it seem like a long tedious process. In Warning the narrator is her younger self and it is therefore a more positive view on old age as she thinks of all the things she can look forward to and not the more realistic, more negative points. In Old man, Old man the narrator is not someone who is present in the old mans life but someone observing like his daughter who he disinherited. They show us that with old age we change and our experiences change us mentally, making many things not make sense to us any more. Both the poems present different of perceptions of old age. Warning is more of a dream and imaginary view, but Old man, Old man is more realistic.

The Significant Grammatical Error Subject Verb Agreement English Language Essay

The Significant Grammatical Error Subject Verb Agreement English Language Essay Writing is no ordinary assignment and it requires one to have inclusive skills to construct a high quality of work. The mechanism of writing comprises the grammar, sentence structure and also, the organization of the writing. However, these skills are threatening the students performances in their writing task as most of them, do not relate the concept they have learned in their writing. As students attain their tertiary level of education, they are requires to generate further written materials such essays, reports, commentaries etc.. These requirements also must be in English language as English language is the core language for communication and to guide the students to get used to using the English language at their place of work. To be precise, the native speakers of Malay language are the largely significant group that imply the discussed predicament. According to their essays, most of them are prone to produce error in grammar and explicitly, subject-verb agreement. These essays are gathered from their semester examination and a study is conducted. Through the analysis, it has been found that the students have a major fault with the usage of subject-verb agreement. The result for this study is not fundamentally for the sake of the error itself, but, a scheme for students understandings and improved teaching methods. Eventually, this will also help in enhancing the English language amongst the students. (227 words) CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.0 INTRODUCTION The topic about subject-verb agreement is chosen because of its significance in writings. Without a proper rules of subject-verb agreement, the ideas in writing in difficult to convey and thus, worsen the value of writing itself. Any mistakes regarding the subject-verb agreement will definitely change the meaning of the sentence. Moreover, the research among the tertiary level students is interesting, because, though they have achieved to a higher education, most of them still, could not apply the correct rules of this grammar. This main issue will be discussed further in this research. In addition, most students are complaining about the errors they make in writings, mainly subject-verb agreement. The simple definition of the subject verb agreement is as simple as a subject agreeing with a verb. If the singular subject is used, the singular verb is obligatory and same goes with the plural subject that is plural verb respectively. This simple rule of grammar makes the mistakes produced by the students clearly visible. During the study of the students writings, they tend to make mistakes in general rules and the sub rule in subject-verb agreement. Moreover, upon looking of the students errors, this research also includes the remedial actions that need to be approached to the students in order to improve the problems of the students in using the correct subject-verb agreement in their writings. 1.1 THE CONTEXT OF THE STUDY The study was conducted on Year 2 students in MARA College of Banting whom are taking International Baccalaureate Diploma programme for 2009 / 2011 batch session. Even though, the Malaysian education system announced that English as a Second Language (ESL), most of the subjects use English language as their medium of communication. Primarily, the scope of the study is focused on the grammatical error produced by the students in their writings based on the students examination papers. Eventually, the study is narrowed to more specific type of grammatical error that is the subject-verb agreement due to its frequency of error is the highest. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The problem arose when there were complaints from teachers about the students English performance English Semester Two examination paper. The teachers were commenting on about the students English essays. Although the students had achieved good results, namely in English 1119 in Malaysia Education Certificate which is known as Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), the students are still producing some grammatical errors in their essays. Therefore, the research is carried out to study the problem of the students in their English essays and the most significant error they had produced. In order to arrive to the conclusion of this study, error analysis is used as an indicator to enable the significant error to be detected. 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY Based on the statement of the problem, the study is focused on the students most common grammatical errors in their writing production. It is noted that the written production was analyzed based on their English essay in Semester Two examination paper. The objectives of this study are: To investigate the most significant grammatical error produced by the students in the English essays. To identify the reasons for the error occurrence. To find solution to improve the error in writing among students. 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION The research question of this study is linked to three important aspects: writing, error analysis and grammar that will be narrowed down to subject-verb agreement as the most significant error. Therefore, the research question is constructed based on these three main components. Is subject-verb agreement the most significant grammatical error produced by the student of MARA College of Banting of 2009/2011 batch session in their writings? Moreover, the research topic is chosen originally of personal interest. I have become concerned about the complaints from the English teachers about the students grammar. Therefore, this research topic of subject-verb agreement will be examined thoroughly. 1.5 SIGNIFICANCES OF THIS STUDY The importance of the research as follows: To help the students to identify their significant grammatical error in writing the English essay and helping them to overcome the flaws in writing English. To aid the students to produce a quality English essays in the future. To help the teachers, explicitly in English Department by aiding them to create a suitable framework for the students in the teaching methods. 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY The scope of the study will be centralized on the subject-verb agreement errors in writing of the students in MARA College of Banting of 2009 / 2011 batch session. These students represent the tertiary level students and their grammar usage of subject-verb agreement. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 WRITING AS AN IMPORTANT SKILL Essay writing (Koch) is conducted to the students so that they can affix diverse fundamentals of course and extend the insightful by going beyond what is educated in the class. Moreover, writing an essay is in fact a production of sovereignty to convey opinions by the students or the author themselves. They have to work in the constraints and, accordingly, they should have an apt familiarity on how to present and communicate their ideas in understandable and efficient performance. 2.1 ESSENCE OF GRAMMAR IN WRITING Grammar is the logic of speech, even as logic is the grammar of reason.   Richard C. Trench  [1]   According to Richard C. Trench, the use of grammar is very important in depicting the value of the language and the judgment towards the ideas. The use of grammar also reflects the authors writing skill and it will give the reader an indication of the content in the written production will be like. On whole, the logic of language depends completely on its grammar usage. In addition, the grammatical error can give a reader a bad impression of the authors abilities. The higher degree of grammar usage in English produces more quality of works. Though nobodys grammar is perfect, grammar teaches an author to control the language they are using. If the grammar is strictly controlled with firm and strong basic knowledge, a good work of essay will be produced. 2.3 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT AS IMPORTANT TOOL As writing required strong and firm sentences to create understanding in the essay, the basic of grammar, basically, subject needs to agree with the verb. If the author fails to apply the tool in writing, they can make reading more difficult as well as to convey the ideas. Same thing that is overlooked, the common error is that of incorrect use of the subject and verb agreement. Verb  [2]  is the most important part of a sentence. These two parts are correlated as the subject is the main topic of the sentence; it has to be matched with verb. For instance, Julia and Megan are going to the cinema today. Mother wants to cook chicken soup for me. These two examples follow the rules of subject-verb agreement. Julia and Megan is the plural subject, and the verb used is are. While the second sentence follows the same rule, mother is the singular subject and wants as its verb. Henceforth, authors and writer need to master this rule in order to write effectively and convey their message clearly. This topic is also agreed by Surina Nayan (August, 2009) in her research on A Study of Subject-Verb Agreement: From Novice Writer to Expert Writers  [3]  . In her research, the students have difficulties in subject-verb agreement because, in their L1 which is Malay language, they do not have such rules of subject needs to agree with verb. In the long run, mother tongue of the student affects the performance of English grammar. 2.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF ERROR ANALYSIS However, even after an approximate 11 years of formal English education in school, majority of the students tend to produce most subject-verb agreement error in their writing. Error in writing happens when there is a change in the language. After reviewing the students writings, and receiving complaints from teachers, it is necessary to conduct an analysis regarding the error produced by the students. In academic context, error analysis will help the student to improve their lack in grammatical usage efficiently. The consideration to error type and an understanding of the misuse of specific grammar rules proposes teachers a means of helping students to deal with language and usage problems (Ho, 2003). Then, the students can attain their remedy through the research. CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.0 INTRODUCTION In this section, the procedures of collecting the data are disclosed. It consists of the procedures that are related with the analysis of the data. 3.1 SUBJECT OF THE STUDY This study involved a random sampling of 45 students among the second year students in MARA College of Banting. The students in the college are receiving the scholarship to study abroad. Overall, the students have a good education background from their previous achievements. These students were chosen at random from the Medicine, Biotechnology and Engineering streams. 3.2 PROCEDURE OF RESEARCH In order to find the students significant error in their writings, 45 students essays were reviewed. The essays were based from their Semester 2 examination. All of the students are taking English B Higher Level for their International Baccalaureate final examinations in May 2011. The examination scripts were marked by the teachers also has included the teachers comments on the students errors. Apart from that, two different sets of questionnaires were also distributed to the students and teachers in continuance of the opinion from them about the writing trends by providing the quantitative data. The questionnaires are set to create the awareness to the students and also their responses in the respective study. The teachers were also given the questionnaire to give a clearer indication in this problem of writing among the students prior to their experiences in teaching English language. 3.3 METHODOLOGY To begin with, the students chosen were asked for their Semester 2 examination paper, especially their English writing in Paper 2. After compiling all the paper from the students, the papers were then checked and identified for the errors done by the students. The feedbacks and comments from the teachers notes were recorded as well. It follows that, after, the study of the students paper is done, and every significant error made by the students is verified. With the reference from the teachers marking scheme, this study has been set into few parameters to ease to the focused topic research that is the grammatical error specifically in writing . The scheme is used as a guide to gather the error made by the students. The marking scheme of the writing essay is obtained from the teacher (Refer Appendix 1). Besides, in this study of the written production by the students, the three major components that are taken into account in order to justify the most significant error in the students essay are: a. Grammatical error b. Vocabulary c. Spelling d. Paragraph structure In the wider quality of the writing production of the students, the identification of the grammatical error in their writing productions is focused. The grammatical errors are classified into: noun ending, articles, verb tenses, verb forms and subject-verb agreement. These findings are observed and, the results are recorded. CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.0 INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the main idea that will be focused on is about processing the data collection from 49 of the students essay writings. The results of the data are constructed relatively to the aim of the research. What is the most significant grammatical error composed by the students in their English essays? Why the students are tend to produce the error? 4.1 RESULTS OF THE DATA Based on the objectives of this investigation, after 45 essays are monitored, the errors are classified on the grammar errors, vocabulary, spelling and also, their paragraph structure. However, looking into deeper insight of the writing skills among the students, the specific error that is mainly focused is their grammatical errors. This is due to students produced their original writing of ideas during their examinations without having any references. As to that, it is easier to recognize the factors that are affecting them. In order to find the common mistakes produced by the students, 10 questionnaires (Refer Appendix 2) have been distributed among the English language teachers as to response to the objective of this investigation. This survey had been distributed to the teachers in the month of September 2010. The bar chart shows the number of teacher and their responses. Figure The graph shows the number of English language in MARA College of Banting teachers and their feedbacks on the students writing skill in their semester 2 examinations paper. Based on the bar chart, the most significant aspect is that the usage of the grammar. It is responded by majority of six teachers. Then, it is followed by four teachers who voted as satisfactory. However, by the frequency of good, very good and excellent, there are no votes for grammatical error. The other aspect for vocabulary is voted by two teachers to be an unsatisfactory grade. But, it more teachers votings lead to satisfactory and the highest five votes from teachers are accumulated in good grade. This shows that the teachers have found out most of the students flaws in their writings are grammatical error. Therefore, after accumulating the votes from the teacher as the sophisticated users, 45 questionnaires were also distributed to the students (Refer Appendix 3). This refers to question number 19, asking on the students personal opinion about their grammar performances. Statements Number of students Percentage % Im not certain whether my English grammar is a problem for my writing 16 35.56 My English grammar problems are exceedingly severe and spoil my writing 12 26.66 Though I dont know much regarding English grammar, its not a serious problem for me 10 22.22 English grammar is not really a serious subject for me. Other writing issues are more vital. 7 15.56 Total 45 100.00 Table Percentage of the students statement in grammar. The Table 1 above shows the statements chosen by the 45 chosen students, the number of the students responses and their percentage in each statement. Based on the statements made by 45 students in this study, the highest percentage of 35.56 percent out of the 45 students stated that they are not really sure whether their English grammar is a problem for them. It is followed by 26.66 percent of the students stated that their English grammar problems are very serious and hurt their writing. The third highest percentage is 22.22 percent that the students thinks that though they dont know much about English grammar, they think it is not a serious problem for them. Subsequently, the lowest percentage is only 15.56 percent that stated by seven students. They claimed that the English grammar is not a serious issue for them; however, they think that there are other important issue that harm their writing production. From the surveyed, predominantly, most of the students are still unaware of their grammar error especially in writing. 4.2 GRAMMATICAL ERRORS Throughout the findings of the students error in their writing production, it is obviously shown that grammar error is the main flaws that hurt their writing performance. Looking deeper into this study, their writing scripts were also analysed based on the type of grammar mistakes that they tend to repeat. With regard to that, the grammar errors produced by the students are classified to: noun ending, articles, verb tenses, verb forms and subject-verb agreement. The students writing scripts were analyzed for their error. Their marked writing scripts done by the teachers have eased the calculation of the students errors. The first step of this calculation is each of every error in the scripts is calculated and accumulated. After that each of the type of error is counted upon the whole error. The percentage of the type of error done by the students cum the respondents of MARA College Banting is shown in the bar chart in Figure 2. Figure The Graph 2 shows the percentage of the type of error done by the students in MARA College of Banting in their writing production in Semester 2 examinations. According to the Graph 2, the highest error produced by the students is subject-verb agreement which recorded to be 51.78 percent. Then, it is followed by noun ending with only 17.42 percent. The bar chart decreases to 12.14 percent as article error. Subsequently, verb tense and verb form are only in a small percentage of 9.66 percent and 9 percent respectively. However, there is also small portion of error produced by the students in the phrasal construction as well as their word choices. 4.3 DISCUSSION FOR FINDINGS In this segment, the discussion is extent to the respond of the question in part 4.0: b) Why the students are tend to produce the error? 4.3.1 SINGULAR AND PLURAL (SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT) As observed in the bar chart in Figure 2, the highest percentage of type of error produced by the students is subject-verb agreement which recorded as 51.78 percent. The percentage is more than 50 percent therefore; it can be a significant error by the students in their writing productions. To the amount of the highest percentage of subject-verb agreement in the students writing production, there are some of examples of the usage if the subject-verb agreement error from the students. By referring to table 2, there are some of the error in the sentences produced by the KMB students in their essays. No Identification of the error in students writings The correct usage of the SVA aspect 1 Everybody are feeling so excited about the class trip this weekend. Everybody is feeling so excited about the Sports Carnival this weekend. 2 Therefore, it show that most of the students are attracted to study abroad Therefore, it shows that most of the students are attracted to study abroad. 3 She is the secretary who write the report for the meeting. She is the secretary who writes the report for the meeting. 4 Five years are the minimum duration to study medicine. Five years is the minimum duration to study medicine. 5 Neither Sarah nor Jasmine are going to the park with me. Neither Sarah nor Jasmine is going to the park with me. 6 Only few was there to watch the show. Only few were there to watch the show. 7 The quantity of working women, who is earning higher than men, is increasing recently. The quantity of working women, who are earning higher than men, is increasing recently. 8 They do not realize how important the usage of technology are They do not realize how important the usage of technology is.. Table 2 Error produced by the students in the essays. Based on the Table 2e, from the examples (1) to (8), it can be observed that most of the students encountered the error in subject verb agreement. These errors will be further discussed to identify rules in subject-verb agreement and giving the guidelines to correct them. The words each, each one, either, neither, everyone, everybody, anybody, anyone, nobody, somebody, someone, and no one are singular and require a singular verb. (Chris Berry)  [4]   *Everybody are feeling so excited about the class trip this weekend. Correct sentence: Everybody is . * Neither Sarah nor Jasmine are going to the park with me. Correct sentence: Neither Sarah nor Jasmine is . Nouns such as civics, mathematics, dollars, measles, and news require singular verbs. (Chris Berry) * Five years are the minimum duration to study medicine. Correct sentence: Five years is . According to the error produced by the students, it can be stated that the students have more propensity in making error in the common rules of the subject verb agreement. This may be due to preventing themselves to use the sub-rule of the subject verb agreement. Based on the error produced by the students are chiefly completed under the general rule of the subject verb agreement. Apart from that, it is because of the interference of the Malay language that does not have any specific rule in the usage of singular or plural form of subject verb agreement. Besides, the students tend to construct the sentence structures upon their Malay language experience that create faulty in their essays. Again, it is concluded that the mother tongue of the students, mainly Malay language inhibit the progression of the English language of the students. In addition to this discussion, these subject and verb are the two main mechanisms in developing accurate and absolute sentence in English essays, so, as to this, the students need to be alert of the significance of the subject verb agreement usage. Therefore, the students need to be recognizable with this framework of the study. The students should be conceded that every subject verb agreement rules are vital in writing English essays, so that they have variations in phrase of words, mode and registration used to explicate. As a result, the effort of writing of the students will be more eminence and agreeable to be read. CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.0 INTRODUCTION In this chapter 5, we will be discussing about the overall of the conclusion and the recommendation of this study. 5.1 CONCLUSION Ultimately, after looking upon the students examination scripts for their writing production, it can be concluded that the most of the students tend to produce most error in their subject-verb agreement. Apparently the conclusion is also, based on the questionnaires that had been distributed among the students and the teachers as well. The significant analysis shows that, the research question is undoubtedly true. The main reason the students were producing error in subject-verb agreement is because; they do not have an inmost knowledge of this rules in grammar component. Most of the students were uncertain about the verb and the subject in writing their essays. However, we can also state that, they are learning English because it is one of the compulsory components that the students need to achieve in the education system in Malaysia as ESL. Moreover, most of the students here are using Malay language in daily conversation. In fact, in Malay language, the language system does not have specific rules of the plural and singular as in English grammar, especially in context of subject-verb agreement. When the students were asked, about the type of language they are using as thinking to write an essay, most of the students apply Malay language and trying to translate their sentences in English. This could be one of the reasons why the errors in subject-verb agreement among students are obvious and inhibit the grammar development among the students as the students rely highly upon the Malay language. Furthermore, based on the survey from the questionnaires, the students are lack of practice on their writing skills because, they said, it needs time to work on one essay. Subsequently, the students are also, have lack on the general knowledge and surveys showed that only 9 out of 49 students will spend their time reading non-academic books. Big portions of 80 percent of the students do not practice the reading culture. This could lead to the improper building of good sentences and a well flow of ideas in their essay. Their lack of knowledge on the system of the language and unsatisfactory terminology that the students had reflected to a certain extent the comportment they were educated, the learners approach and their learning strategies in the whole learning development. Even if these would mean that there is a need to perform a further study, the subsequent opinions on how a number of students would like their English class to be taught, give the teachers diverse notion on their outlook on the road to learning English in MARA College of Banting. 5.2 RECOMMENDATION This section is based from the vote in the questionnaire form that is distributed to the students in order to enhance their usage and understanding in subject-verb agreement. Students should have their own scheme to have further knowledge in the English language. This may be done through wide-ranging reading English text materials such as books, magazines and etc. The action is then can be adopted to the real purpose, verbal or written. This technique is voted to enhance the skill of the students in English language. The learning process of grammar should be taught constantly though the students have already reached their college levels. They should have a strong knowledge in grammar rules to make certain that the students can submit an application in their essays. The students should be prone to more English programme such as an English workshop to provide more familiar connection with the language. This sort of programme would benefit on the evaluation to the students. 5.3 RECOMMENDATION FOR FUTURE STUDIES To classify the targeted group of the study into weak and good students with their background family information. To study and analyzed the teaching process and the methods used by the lecturers or the teacher to approach the students in English language. Giving more exercises to the students based on the criteria needed and record the marks to compare them. REFERENCES

America’s Culture of Sex :: Sex Media Television TV

America’s Culture of Sex Sex in today’s world can be seen anywhere. It is on billboards, radio stations, personal books, school books, magazines, peers, movies, songs, and the most famous is televisions. Commercials use seductive images, sounds, and music grabbing the attention of the audience. Movies and television are proof of the sickness of sexual addiction in society. This disease spreads across the country, infecting the way people think and live their lives. Ultimately it is destroying society and what America holds to be morally correct. Two such sources of writing, â€Å"Sic Transit Gloria†¦Glory Fades† and Countering the Culture of Sex, give examples of what effect culture play in the way of living. Today’s culture pumps out messages of sexual immorality and the idea of sexual relations outside of marriage are fine. Sexual immorality can destroy families and create dysfunction in the sacred vows of marriage. â€Å"Sic Transit Gloria†¦.Glory Fades† is a song by Brand New. It tells a story of a man who is very inexperienced sexually, and a girl who knows her sexual skills like the back of her hand. The young man wants only to hold this girl and love her. Instead he is pressured into sex with her, even though he really never wanted. Sex is what she wants and he knows it would make her happy by giving into her. He feels horrible while this happens, but he will not stop because he wants to impress her. Countering the Culture of Sex is an article by Ellen Goodman dealing with the entertainment industry’s plague upon society. With sex rooted deep in children’s minds it creates this idea of what life revolves around. Digging deeper, Goodman brings up the point of why one never sees the consequences of sex. If the media were to show the consequences of people’s actions, the industry could create a sense of fear into the public. The big picture between these two texts says sex is a problem in society.